The 2014 ebola virus disease outbreak in west africa. A number of health care workers who had become infected. Chloroquine inhibited ebola virus replication in vitro but. The ebola virus is transmitted to people from wild. Sierra leone was declared ebolafree on 7 november 2015, guinea followed in december.
Ebola virus disease evd, or simply ebola, is a viral haemorrhagic fever of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. A fifth virus, reston ebola virus rebov, discovered in 1989, is found only in the philippines and to date appears to cause disease only in nonhuman primates and domestic pigs miranda, m. Ebola virus disease evd is a rare and deadly disease in people and nonhuman primates. The ebola virus disease evd was first discovered in zaire, today the democratic republic of congo, in 1976. Ebola disease ebola disease is a severe, often fatal illness in humans. New evidence that parts of ebola virus hide in semen for months by kai kupferschmidt oct.
Cheepsattayakorn a, cheepsattayakorn r 2015 ebola virus disease. Clinical care for survivors of ebola virus disease 5 1. Ebola virus, formally called zaire ebolavirus, is a rare virus that infects humans and nonhuman animals such as pigs and other primates. Ebola, infectious disease caused by a virus of the family filoviridae that is responsible for a severe and often fatal viral hemorrhagic fever. The ebola virus has spread across several western africa countries, adding a significant financial burden to their health systems and economies. Ebola virus disease evd, one of the deadliest viral diseases, was discovered in 1976 when two consecutive outbreaks of fatal hemorrhagic fever occurred in different parts of. Ebola virus disease in west africathe first 9 months article pdf available in new england journal of medicine 3722. The virus is transmitted to people from wild animals and then spreads in the human population through humantohuman. Ebola virus disease formerly known as ebola haemorrhagic fever is a severe, often fatal illness, with a death rate of up to 90% caused by ebola virus, a member of the. Introduction to ebola disease world health organization. Identification and analysis of the main drivers for ebola. Ebola virus has also been imported into a number of countries in the developed world. Evd is a severe contagious disease affecting humans and non.
Ebola virus disease sierra leone and guinea, august 2015. In this study will be presented epidemiology and pathogenesis of ebola virus disease including new findings resulting from the studies linked with 2014 ebola outbreak in west africa. Ebola virus ebov and marburg virus marv, members of the filoviridae virus family, are known as emerging and reemerging zoonotic pathogens causing acute. The outbreak of ebola virus disease in west africa has reminded public health authorities and international health agencies that, despite setting so many healthrelated goals, in reality there. The ebola outbreak of 2014 2015 exacted a terrible toll on major countries of west africa. August 2016 the new england journal of medicine article on the. In march 2014, the largest ebola outbreak in history exploded across west africa. Ebola is a rare but deadly virus that causes fever, body aches, and diarrhea, and sometimes bleeding inside and outside the body as the virus spreads through the body, it damages the. Ebola virus disease evd is a lifethreatening viral disease with a fatality rate ranging from around 30% to 90%.
Initial transmission from an unknown mammalian reservoir can be followed by persontoperson transmission through direct contact. Located on the atlantic coast of west africa, guinea is the first country in this geographical region in which an outbreak of evd has occurred, leaving. Latest estimates from the world health organization indicate that over 11,000 lives were lost to the deadly virus since the first documented case was officially recorded. Ebola virus ebov is highly pathogenic, with a predisposition to cause outbreaks in human populations accompanied by significant mortality. American association of bioethics and humanities annual meeting. Published 27th april 2015 abstract ebola virus, the causative agent of ebola virus disease evd formerly called ebola hemorrhagic fever ehf is one of the most dangerous. Ebola virus disease evd, formerly known as ebola haemorrhagic fever, is a severe, often fatal illness in humans. Ebola virus then spreads from person to person through direct contact with blood or body fluids of a person who is sick with or has died from ebola virus disease.
Heterogeneities in the case fatality ratio in the west african ebola outbreak. The viruses that cause evd are located mainly in subsaharan africa. This outbreak was unprecedented in scale, with more than 28 000 confirmed cases and 11 000 deaths. Roles of yigl sequence of ebola virus vp40 on genome.
The ebola virus outbreak thats ravaging west africa probably started with a single infected person, a new genetic analysis shows. Four laboratoryconfirmed cases of ebola virus disease commonly known as ebola occurred in the united states in 2014. On 23 march 2014, the world health organization issued its first communique on a new outbreak of ebola virus disease evd, which began in december 20 in guinee forestiere forested guinea, the eastern sector of the republic of guinea. Ethical framework for managing ebola virus disease. History of ebola virus disease error processing ssi file. Ebola virus disease a challenge to india clear ias. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and. On may 9, 2015, the world health organization declared liberia free of ebola, 42 days after safe burial of the last known casepatient. The first evd outbreak was reported in the 1970s in zaire now the democratic. Price, 2015 papers and drivers the selection of papers, drivers and endpoints i. The virus takes its name from the ebola river as the first cases of. Introduction background the outbreak of ebola virus disease evd that began in 20 in west africa had by december 2015.
How the spread of ebola virus was curtailed in nigeria. Global insights a nurses obligations to patients with ebola. Ebola spotlight emerging infectious diseases journal cdc. According to the latest world health organization update on february 18, 2015 2, a total of 23,253 confirmed, probable, and suspected cases of ebola and 9,380 ebola related deaths had been reported as of february 15 from the three west african countries guinea, liberia, and sierra leone where ebola virus transmission has been widespread and. Pdf the west african ebola virus disease epidemic 2014. Liberia has been the worsthit, with more than 4,800 dead and 10,672 becoming. The severe epidemic of ebola virus disease in liberia started in march 2014. Pdf ebola virus disease in west africathe first 9 months.
For almost 50 years, ebolaviruses and related filoviruses have been repeatedly reemerging across the vast equatorial belt of the african continent to cause epidemics of highly fatal hemorrhagic fever. The variant involved in this outbreak has been named makona, by the name of a river running through the. Find out how many strains of ebola exist, how the ebola virus attacks its host, and the symptoms caused by the virus. As of november 14, 2014, the world health organization has reported a total of 21,296 ebola virus disease evd. Ebola virus disease who regional office for africa. Data were extracted from the selected papers according to the methodology developed by sciencespo. Ebola virus, ebola virus diseases, hemorrhagic fever, west africa ebola outbreak 1. A novel life cycle modeling system for ebola virus shows a genome lengthdependent role of vp24 in virus infectivity. Eleven cases were reported, including these four cases and seven. In comparison with earlier ebola outbreaks mortality have been higher 80 90 percent, but number of cases was a thousand times lower. Ebola virus ebov belongs to the filoviridae family and is responsible for a severe disease characterized by the sudden onset of fever and malaise accompanied by other non. Ebola virus disease aetiology of ebola virus disease ebola virus disease evd is also known as ebola haemorrhagic fever.
This is the most serious ebola outbreak so far and as of 29 january 2015, 22,000 people. Ebola virus is one of the most virulent pathogens known to infect humans. The west african ebola virus disease epidemic 2014 2015. Reported number of confirmed ebola virus disease cases, by world health organization reporting week guinea and sierra leone, february 2014august 2015 alternate text. Ebola virus is the cause of the 20 2015 ebola virus epidemic outbreak in west africa, which has resulted in at least 27,678 suspected cases and 11,276 confirmed deaths who, 2015. Ebola virus disease world organisation for animal health.
1558 869 327 344 818 97 1241 990 14 496 91 1319 565 251 256 1484 331 1303 547 911 367 884 183 121 1427 680 1240 1263 1019 1240 240 321 550 484 176 1023 1478 426 888 48